Sourik Poddar1*, Saikat Das2 and Rupsanatan Mandal3
1-3Dept. of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Uttar Banga Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Pundibari, Cooch Behar, West Bengal (735 165), India
Email: poddarsourik1997@gmail.com
Received-06.12.2022, Revised-17.12.2022, Accepted-27.12.2022
Abstract: During the rabi season of 2020-2021, the experiment was conducted at the university instructional farm, Uttar Banga Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Pundibari, Cooch Behar, West Bengal, to evaluate 50 wheat genotypes for chlorophyll index, canopy temperature depression, and spot blotch in the terai regions of West Bengal, as part of the 19th High-Temperature Wheat Yield Trail nursery from CIMMYT. Two-way ANOVA analysis revealed significant divergence in growth stages in all three cases. Six genotypes showed high chlorophyll efficiency at maturity whereas thirteen genotypes showed higher physiological efficiency in the present environment. Among them, only ENTRY 8 and 28 showed both and are recommended for future drought tolerance breeding. No genotype was found to be resistant to spot blotch, thus none is recommended for disease resistance breeding. According to a correlation study, when the area under chlorophyll index progress curve value rises, biomass rises, canopy temperature declines, and physiological efficiency rises. Furthermore, high chlorophyll index levels are linked to increased disease severity.
Keywords: Chlorophyll index, Canopy temperature depression, Spot blotch, Disease severity, Wheat
References
Al-Ghzawi, A.L.A., Khalaf, Y.B., Al-Ajlouni, Z.I., AL-Quraan, N.A., Musallam and I., Hani, N.B. (2018). The Effect of Supplemental Irrigation on Canopy Temperature Depression, Chlorophyll Content, and Water Use Efficiency in Three Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. and T. durum Desf.) Varieties Grown in Dry Regions of Jordan. Agriculture 8, 67.
Balota, M., Payne, W.A., Evett, S.R. and Peters, T.R. (2008). Morphological and physiological traits associated with canopy temperature depression in three closely related wheat lines. Crop Science 48(5), 1897-1910.
Braun, H.J., Atlin, G. and Payne, T. (2010). Multi-location testing a tool to identify plant response to global climatic change. Climatic change and crop production 1, 115-38.
Chahbar, S. and Belkhodja, M. (2016). Water deficit effects on morpho-physiological parameters in durum wheat. Journal of fundamental and applied sciences 8, 1166–1181.
Chowdhury, A.K., Singh, G., Tiyagi, B.S., Ojha, A., Dhar, T. and Bhattacharya, P.M. (2013). Spot blotch disease of wheat – a new thrust area for sustaining productivity. Journal of Wheat Research 5(2), 1-11.
Condon, A.G., Richards, R.A., Rebetzke, G.J. and Farquhar, G.D. (2002). Improving intrinsic water-use efficiency and crop yield. Crop Science 42, 122–131.
Davies, K.F.P., Chesson, S., Harrison, B.D., Inouye, B., Melbourne, A. and Rice, K.J. (2005). Spatial heterogeneity explains the scale dependence of the native–exotic diversity relationship. Ecology 86, 1602–1610.
Dixit, P., Telleria, R., Al Khatib, A.N. and Allouzi, S.F. (2018). Decadal analysis of impact of future climate on wheat production in dry Mediterranean environment: A case of Jordan. Science of the Total Environment 610–611, 219–233.
Dubey, R., Pathak, H., Chakrabarti, B., Singh, S., Gupta, D.K., Harit, R.C. (2020). Impact of terminal heat stress on wheat yield in India and options for adaptation. Agricultural Systems 181, 102826.
Dubin, H.J. and Van Ginkel, M.V. (1991). The status of wheat disease and disease research in the warm areas. In: Sauders, D.A. (Ed.), Proceeding of the Wheat for the Non-traditional, Warm Areas Conference, 1990, Foz do Iguac, u, Brazil, Mexico, DF, Mexico, CIMMYT,125-145.
Eyal, Z., Scharen, A.L., Prescott, J.M. and Ginkel, M.V. (1987). The septoria diseases of wheat: Concepts and methods of disease management. CIMMYT, Mexico, 52.
Fotovat, R., Valizadeh, M. and Toorchi, M. (2007). Association between water-use-efficiency components and total chlorophyll content (SPAD) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under well-watered and drought stress conditions. Journal of Food Agriculture and Environment 5, 225–227.
Gautam, A., Sai Prasad, S.V., Jajoo, A. and Ambati, D. (2015). Canopy temperature as a selection parameter for grain yield and its components in durum wheat under terminal heat stress in late sown conditions. Agricultural Research 4, 238–244.
Goel, P., Swati, S.P., Srivastava, K. and Jaiswal, J.P. (2006). Assessment of losses by spot blotch (Bipolaris sorokiniana) with reference to resistance in wheat in Tarai region of Uttaranchal. Indian Phytopathology 59(1), 36-40.
Guendouz, A., Maamri, K., Benidir, M. and Hafsi, M. (2012). Canopy Temperature Efficiency as Indicators for Drought Tolerance in Durum Wheat (Triticum DurumDesf.) in Semi-Arid Conditions. Journal of Agriculture and Sustainability. 1: 23-38.
Gupta, P.K., Chand, R., Vasistha, N.K., Pandey, S.P., Kumar, U., Mishra, V.K. and Joshi, A.K. (2018). Spot blotch disease of wheat: the current status of research on genetics and breeding. Plant Pathology 67, 508–531.
Joshi, A.K., Ortiz-Ferrara, G., Crossa, J., Singh, G., Sharma, R.C., Chand, R. and Parsad, R. (2007). Combining superior agronomic performance and terminal heat tolerance with resistance to spot blotch (Bipolaris sorokiniana) of wheat in the warm humid Gangetic Plains of South Asia. Field crops research 103(1), 53-61.
Khakwani, A., Dennett, M.D., Munir, M. and Abid, M. (2012). Growth and yield response of wheat varieties to water stress at booting and anthesis stages of development. Pakistan Journal of Botany 44, 879–886.
Kirigwi, F.M., Van Ginkel, M., Trethowa, R., Sears, R.G., Rajaram, S. and Paulsen, G.M. (2004). Evaluation of selection strategies for wheat adaptation across water regimes. Euphytica 135, 361–371.
Kumar, S., Archal, S., Tyagi, R.K., Kumar, J., Vikas, V.K., Jacob, S.R., Srinivasan, K., Rashamani, J., Parimalan, R., Sivaswamy, M. and Tyagi, S. (2016). Evaluation of 19,460 wheat accessions conserved in the Indian national gene bank to identify new sources of resistance to rust and spot blotch diseases. Plos one 11(12), e0167702.
Liatukas, Z. and Ruzagas, V. (2012). Spot blotch resistance in derivatives of European winter wheat. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 36(3):341-351.
Man, J., Shi, Y., Yu, Z. and Zhang, Y. (2016). Root growth, soil water variation, and grain yield response of winter wheat to supplemental irrigation. Plant Production Science 19, 193–205.
Olivares-Villegas, J.J., Reynolds, M.P. and McDonald, G.K. (2007). Drought-adaptive attributes in the Seri Babaxhexaploid wheat population. Functional Plant Biology 34, 189–203.
Othmani, A., Rezgui, M., Cherif, S., Mouelhi, M. and Melki, M. (2015). Effects of water regimes on root and shoot growth parameters and agronomic traits of Tunisian durum wheat (Triticum durumDesf.). Journal of new sciences Agriculture and Biotechnology 18, 695–702.
Rajaram, S., Van Ginkel, M. and Fischer, R.A. (1995). CIMMYT’s wheat breeding mega-environment (ME). In: Proceedings of the 8th International Wheat Genetics Symposium, Jul. 19-24 1993. Beijing, China.
Reynolds, M.P., Mujeeb-Kazi, A. and Sawkins, M. (2005). Prospects for utilizing plant-adaptive mechanisms to improve wheat and other crops in drought- and salinity-prone environments.Annals of Applied Biology 146, 239–259.
Rosyara, U.R., Duveiller, E., Pan, K. and Sharma, R.C. (2007). Variation in chlorophyll content, anatomical traits and agronomic performance of wheat genotypes differing in spot blotch resistance under natural epiphytotic conditions. Australasian Plant Pathology 36(3), 245-251.
Rosyara, U.R., Subedi, S., Duveiller, E. and Sharma, R.C. (2010). The effect of spot blotch and heat stress on variation of canopy temperature depression,chlorophyll fluorescence, and chlorophyll content of hexaploidy wheat genotypes. Euphytica 174(3): 377-390.
Saadi, S., Todorovic, M., Tanasijevic, L., Pereira, L.S., Pizzigalli, C. and Lionello, P. (2015). Climate change and Mediterranean agriculture: Impacts on winter wheat and tomato crop evapotranspiration, irrigation requirements and yield. Agriculture Water Management 147, 103–115.
Saari, E.E. (1998). Leaf blight disease and associated soil borne fungal pathogens of wheat in South and South East Asia. In: Duveiller, E., Dubin, H.J., Reeves, J., McNab, A. (Eds.), Proceeding of the Helminthosporium Blight of Wheat: Spot Blotch and Tan spot Workshop, 1997, El Bata’n, Mexico, Mexico, DF, Mexico, CIMMYT, 37-51.
Saari, E.E. and Prescott, J.M. (1975). A scale for appraising the foliar intensity of wheat disease. Plant Disease Reporter 59, 377-380.
Saxena, D.C., Sai Prasad, V., Chatrath, R., Mishra, S.C., Watt, M., Prashar, R., Wason, A., Gautam, A. and Malviya, P. (2014). Evaluation of root characteristics, canopy temperature depression and stay green trait in relation to grain yield in wheat under early and late sown conditions. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology 19, 43–47.
Sharma, R.C. and Duveiller, E. (2006). Spot Blotch Continues to Cause Substantial Grain Yield Reductions under Resource-limited Farming Conditions. Journal of Phytopathology 154, 482-488.
Sharma, R.C., Duveiller, E. and Ortiz-Ferrara, G. (2007). Progress and challenge towards reducing wheat spot blotch threat in the Eastern Gangetic Plains of South Asia: Is climate change already taking its toll? Field Crops Research 103, 109–118.
Shefazadeh, M., Karimizadeh, R., Mohammadi, M. and Suq, H.S. (2012). Using flag leaf chlorophyll content and canopy temperature depression for determining drought-resistant durum wheat genotypes. Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment 10, 509–515.
Soumitra, M., Subhra, Mukhopadhyana, S.K. and Dash, A.P. (2016). Genetic variability, correlation and path analysis of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes under terminal heat stress. International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management 7(6), 123 –1238.
Thakur, P., Upadhyay, P., Rashmi, K., Namrata, Prasad, R., Chandra, K., Madhukar, K. and Prasad, L.C. (2018). Study of genetic variability path analysis and diversity of selected germplasm lines of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under very late sown condition. International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management 9(2), 203–208.
Wilcoxson, R.D., Rasmusson, D.C. and Mives, M.R. (1975). Development of barley resistant to spot botch and genetics of resistance. Plant Disease 74, 201-210.