Kuldeep singh A. Kalariya*1,2, Amrut Lal Singh1, Rupesh Nakar1,3, Pratap V. Zala1, Koushik Chakraborty1,4 and Chhabilbhai B. Patel1
1ICAR Directorate of Groundnut Research, PB 5 Junagadh, Gujarat 362 001, India
2 ICAR-Directorate of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, Boriavi, Anand,
Gujarat 387 310, India
3Department of Botany, Sheth PT Arts and Science College, Godhra, Gujarat 389001, India
4Central Rice Research Institute, Bidyadharpur, Cuttack, Odisha 753006
Email: Kuldeep_ka@yahoo.co.in
Received-02.01.2019, Revised-20.01.2019
Abstract: Physiological plasticity of sixty peanut cultivars, belonging to four botanical groups, were evaluated during Kharif season under well-watered (with protective irrigation; P) and natural drought(under rain-fed;RF) conditions and compared for physiological and yield attributes to identifythe promising ones. The days required for 50% flowering varied from 24.5-34.0 days and 26.0-37.7 days with an average of28 and 30 days in P and RF crops, respectively. The natural drought under RF condition delayed crop maturity (112-132 days) as against 113-119 maturity days in P.Interestingly, 30 cultivars matured within 113 days at 2130 ºC degree days under both the condition indicating their adaptability and plasticity to drought. Though themean pod yield of peanut cultivars were 1260 kg ha-1under P and 1130 kg ha-1under RF conditions, cultivars ICGS 5, JGN 23, AK 265, GG 5, GG 11, GG 16, Girnar 1, AK 159, SBXIshowed > 1300 kg ha-1 pod yield under both the conditions. The cultivars with early flowering, high SCMR,low SLA, high yield and HI,and early maturity showed the escape mechanism and were considered as most promising for rain-fed cultivation, where there is greater likelihood of drought situation.Our study showed, Spanish bunch (VUL) group was more suitable compared to Virginia bunch (HYP), Virginia runner (HIR) and Valencia (FST) peanut group for desirable traits in rain-fed condition. The cultivars JGN 23, SB XI, and Girnar1 showed most of the desirable characters with high physiological plasticity and hence, can be of immense use for rain-fed conditions.
Keywords: Degree days,Flower initiation, Natural drought, Peanut, Physiological Plasticity
REFERENCES
Arunyanark, A., Jogloy, S., Akkasaeng, C., Vorasoot, N., Kesmala, T., Nageswara Rao, R.C., Wright, G.C. and Patanothai, A. (2008). Chlorophyll stability is an indicator of drought tolerance in peanut. – Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science. 194: 113-125
Babitha, M., Sudhakar, P., Latha, P., Reddy, P.V. and Vasanthi, R.P. (2010). Screening of groundnut genotypes for water use efficiency and temperature tolerance. – Indian Journal of Plant Physiology. 11(1): 63-74
Bradshaw, AD. (1965). Evolutionary significance of phenotypic plasticity inplants. Advances in Genetics 13: 115–155
Bootang, S., Songasri, P., Jogloy, S., Akkasaeng, C., Vorasoot, N. and Tantisuwichwong Potanathi, A. (2010). Evaluation of peanut cultivars commonly grown in Thailand under water limited conditions. – Asian Journal of Plant Science. 9(6): 320-328
Couso, L.L. and Fernandez, R.J. (2012). Phenotypic plasticity as an index of drought tolerance in three Patagonian steppe grasses. Annals of Botany 110: 849–857.
Codon, A.G., Richards, R.A., Rebetzke, G.J. and Farquhar, G.D. (2004). Breeding for high water use efficiency. – Journal of Experimental Botany. 55:2447-2460
FAOSTAT- FAO2014. Statistics Division
Girdthai, T., Jogloy, S., Vorasoot, N., Akkasaeng, C., Wongkew, S., Holbrook, C.C. and Potanathai, A. (2010). Association between Associations between physiological traits for drought tolerance and aflatoxin contamination in peanut genotypes under terminal drought. – Plant Breeding. 129: 693-699
Gomez, K.A. and Gomez, A.A. (1984). (Ed). Statistical procedure in Agriculture Research. -Willey Publications, New York. pp: 680
Hemidou, F., Halilou, O. and Vandez, V. (2012). Assessment of groundnut under combined heat and drought stress. – Journal of Agronomy and Crop science, DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-037X.2012.00518X
Kalariya, K.A., Singh, A.L., Chakraborty, K., Zala, P.V. and Patel, C.B. (2013). Photosynthetic characteristics of groundnut (Arachishypogaea L.)under water deficit stress. – Indian Journal of Plant Physiology. 18(2): 157-163
Kalariya, K.A., Singh, A.L., Chakraborty, K., Ajay, B.C., Zala, P.V., Patel, C.B., Nakar, R.N., Nisha,Goshwami. and Deepti, Mehta. (2015a). SCMR: a more pertinent trait than sla in peanut genotypesunder transient water deficit stress during summer. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., India, Sect. B Biol. Sci.DOI10.1007/s40011-015-0636-4
Kalariya, K.A., Singh, A.L., Nisha,Goshwami., Deepti Mehta, Mahatma, M.K., Ajay, B.C., Chakraborty, K., Zala, P.V. and Vidhya Chaudhary, Patel (2015). Photosynthetic characteristics of peanut genotypes under excessand deficit irrigation during summer. Physiology and Molecular Biology of PlantsDOI10.1007/s12298-015-0300-8
Nageswara Rao, R.C., Reddy, L.J., Mehan, V.K., Nigam, S.N. and McDonald, D. (1992). Drought research on groundnut at ICRISAT. In: Groundnut- A global Perspective: Proceeding of an International Workshop., 25-29 Nov 1991, ICRISAT Asia Centre, Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh., India
Nigam, S.N. and Aruna, R. (2008). Stability of soil plant analytical development (SPAD) chlorophyll meter reading (SCMR) and specific leaf area (SLA) and their association across varying soil moisture stress conditions in groundnut (Arachishypogaea L.). -Euphytica. 160:111-117
Nautiyal, P.C., Ravindra, V., Zala, P.V. and Joshi, Y.C. (1998). Enhancement of yield in groundnut following the imposition of transient soil-moisture-deficitstress during the vegetative phase.-Experimental Agriculture. 35:371-385
Nautiyal, P.C., Ravindra, V., Rathnakumar, A.L., Ajay, B.C. and Zala, P.V. (2012). Genetic variations in photosynthetic rate, podyield and yield components in Spanish groundnut cultivars during three cropping seasons. – Field Crops Research.125: 83–91
Reddy, T.Y., Reddy, V.R. and Anbumozhi, V. (2003). Physiological responses of groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.) to drought stress and its amelioration: a critical review. – Plant Growth Regulation. 41: 75-88
Rowland, D.L., Beasely, J.P.Jr. and Faircloth, W.H. (2010). Genotypic Differences in Current Peanut (Arachishypogaea L.) Cultivars in phenology and Stability of these traits under different irrigation scheduling methods. – Peanut Science. 37:110–123
Saha, R.R., Aziz, A., Begum, F., Ahmed, I.M. and Golder, P.C. (2010). Study on flowering and pod development pattern in seed production of groundnut. – SAARC Journal of Agriculture. 8(2): 11-18
Samdur, M.Y., Singh, A.L., Mathur, R.K., Manivel, P., Chikani, B.M., Gor, H.K. and Khan, M.A. (2000). Field evaluation of chlorophyll meter for screening groundnut (Arachishypogaea L.) genotype tolerant to iron deficiency chlorosis. Current Science, 79, 211-214
Sheshshayee, M.S., Bindu Madhava, M., Rachaputi, N.R., Prasad, T.G., Udaykumar, M., Wright, G.C. and Nigam, S.N. (2006). Leaf Chlorophyll concentration relates to transpiration efficiency in peanut. -Annals of Applied Biology, 148:7-15, 2006
Singh, A.L., Nakar, R.N., Goswami, N., Mehta, D., SubhangiOza, Kalariya, K.A., Chakraborty, K. and Vidhya Chaudhari, Patel, C.B. (2013b). FYM and fertilizer increases photosynthetic efficiency and fluorescence in groundnut. In Current Trends in Plant Biology Research, Ed A.L. Singh et al., National Conference of Plant Physiology, 13-16th Dec 2013.DGR, Junagadh, India. pp. 571-572
Singh, A.L. (2004). Growth and physiology of groundnut. In M.S. Basu, N.B. Singh (Eds.): Groundnut Research in India. pp. 178–212. Junagadh, National Res Centre for Groundnut, ICAR
Singh, A.L. (2011). Physiological basis for realizing yield potentials in groundnut. In A. Hemantranjan (Ed.):. Advances in Plant Physiology Vol. 12. pp. 131–242Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur- India
Singh, A.L. and Basu, M.S. (2005). Integrated nutrient management in groundnut-a farmer’s manual. National Research Center for groundnut, Junagadh, India.54 p
Singh, A.L. and Joshi, Y.C. (1993). Comparative studies on the chlorophyll content, growth, N uptake and yield of groundnut varieties of different habit groups. Oleagineux,48, 27-34
Singh, A.L., Nakar, R.N., Goswami Nisha, Kalariya, K.A., Chakraborty, K. and Singh, M. (2013). Water deficit stress and its management in groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.) In A. Hemantranjan (Ed.):.Advances in Plant Physiology. Vol. 14, pp. 375–465.Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur-India
Singh, A.L., Nisha Goswami, Nakar, R.N., Kalariya, K.A. and Chakraborty, K. (2014a). Physiology of groundnut under water deficit stress. In A.L. Singh (Ed) Recent Advances in Crop Physiology, Vol. 1 pp.1-85. Astral International, New Delhi, India
Singh, A.L., Nakar, R.N., Chakraborty, K. and Kalariya, K.A. (2014b). Physiological efficiencies of mini core peanut germplasm accessions, – Photosynthetica. 52(4): 627-634
Singh, A.L., Nautiyal, P.C. and Zala, P.V. (1998). Growth and yield of groundnut (ArachishypogeaeL.) varieties as influenced by seed size,-Tropical Science, 38:48-56
Singh, S., Singh, A.L., Kalpana, S. and Misra, S. (2010). Genetic diversity for growth, Yield and Quality traits in groundnut (ArachishypogaeaL.). Indian J. Plant Physiology, 15: (New Series) 267-271
Upadhyaya, H.D. (2005). Variability for drought resistance related traits in the mini core collection of peanut-CropScience.45:1432–1440
Upadhyay, H.D., Sharma, S., Singh, S. and Singh, M. (2011). Inheritance of drought resistance related traits in two crosses in groundnut. (Arachis hypogea L.),-Euphytica.177:55-66
Vasudeva, M.J., Nigam, S.N. and Huda, A.K.S. (1992). The thermal time concept as a selection criterion for earliness in peanut. Peanut Science 19: 7-10
Wright, G.C., Nageswara Rao, R.C. and Farquhar, G.D. (1994). Water use efficiency and carbon isotope discrimination in peanut under water deficit conditions.-Crop Science.34:92-97.