Rinya Punyo and H.P. Chaturvedi*
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Nagaland University, SASRD,
Medziphema- 797106, Nagaland
Email: hpchaturvedi68@gmail.com
Received-06.07.2020, Revised-25.07.2020
Abstract: Morphological and molecular characterizations of sixteen rice landraces of North East India were studied to observe genetic diversity and identification of superior genotypes for crop improvement program. Based on the relative magnitude of D2 values, 16 genotypes were grouped into 3 clusters. Cluster I had the highest number of genotypes (9 genotypes), cluster II had 4 genotypes and cluster III had 3 genotypes. Cluster I showed the highest mean for plant height at maturity, cluster II for 1000 grain weight and cluster III for number of effective tillers/plant, number of filled grains/panicle and harvest index. 1000-grain weight showed the highest contribution towards divergence followed by plant height. In RAPD analysis some of the primers showed 100% polymorphism viz., AA-10, AA-14, OPA-02, OPA-04, OPB-03 and PRIMER-33. Overall percentage polymorphism revealed by RAPD primer was 77.75%. Dendrogram generated from the UPGMA cluster analysis divides the lines into two main clusters- cluster A and cluster B. Cluster A consist of 15 germplasm and Cluster B consist of 1 germplasm. Cluster A is further divided into two sub-clusters, ‘a’ and ‘b’. Sub-cluster ‘a’ consist of 2 germplasm and sub-cluster ‘b’ consist of 13 germplasm. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) obtained for RAPD is in complete support of the conclusion drawn from the cluster analysis.
Keywords: Genetic diversity, Morphology, Rice
References
Anis, G., EL Sabagh, A., Ghareb, A. and EL-Rewainy, I. (2016). Evaluation of promising lines in rice ( Oryza sativa L.) to agronomic and genetic performance under Egyptian conditions. International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research. 8(3): 52-57.
Botstein, D., White, R.L., Skolnick, M. and Davis, R.W. (1980). Construction of genetic linkage map in man using restriction fragment length polymorphism. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 32: 314-331.
Chakma, S.P., Huq, H., Mahmud, F. and Husna, A. (2012). Genetic Diversity Analysis in Rice (Oryza sativa L.). Bangladesh Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics 25(1). 31-39.
Chaturvedi, H. P. and Maurya, D. M. (2005). Genetic divergence analysis in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Advances Pl. Sciences. 18(1):349-353.
Doebley, J.F., Gaut, B.S. and Smith, B.D. (2006). The molecular genetics of crop domestication. Cell 127:1309-1321.
Huang, X., Kurata, N., Wei, X. et al. (2012). A map of rice genome variation reveals the origin of cultivated rice. Nature 490:497–501.
Kanawapee, N., Sanitchon, J., Srihaban, P. and Theerakulpisut, P. (2011). Genetic diversity analysis of rice cultivars ( Oryza sativa L.) differing in salinity tolerance based on RAPD and SSR markers. Electronic Journal of Biotechnology. 14(6): DOI: 10.2225/vol 14-Issue6.
Kiani, G. (2011). Genetic diversity analysis of Iranian improved rice cultivars through RAPD markers. Not. Sci. Biol. 3(3): 135-139.
Mahalanobis, P.C. (1936). On the generalized distance in statistics. Proc. Natl. Inst. Sci. India. (2): 49-55.
Mishra, L.K. and Pravin, J. (2004). Variability and genetic diversity in rice (Oryza sativaL.). Mysore J. Agric.Sci. 38: 367-375.
Ngachan, S.V., Mohanty, A.K. and Pattanayak, A. (2011). Status Paper on North East India. ICAR, Research Complex for NEH Region.
Panse, V. G. and Sukhatme, P. V. (1957). Statistical methods for agricultural workers. Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi.
Pattanayak, A., Bujarbaruah, K.M., Sharma, V.P., Ngachan, S.V., Dhiman, K.R., Munda, G.C., Azad Thakur, N.S. Satpathy, K.K., Dutta, K.K., Pakash, N., Devi, P. and Vishwakarma, A.K. (2006). Step towards optimizing rice production in North East India. J. Research Bulletin. No-21, ICAR Research Complex for North East Hill Region, Barapani.
Prangya, K., Radha, K. K.V., Subba, R. L.V., and Suneetha, K. (2018). Studies on genetic divergence analysis in soft rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes. International Journal for Pure and Applied Bioscience 6(2): 968-975.
Pusadee, T., Jamjod, S., Chiang, Y.C., Rerkasem, B. and Schaal, B.A. (2009). Genetic structure and isolation by distance in a landrace of Thai rice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106:13880–13885.
Rao, C.R. (1952). Advance statistical methods in Biometrical Research. John Wiley and Sons, Increased. New York.
Ren, F.; LU, B-R.; LI, S.; Huang, J. and Zhu, Y. (2003). A comparative study of genetic relationships among the AA-genome Oryza species using RAPD and SSR markers. TAG Theoretical and Applied Genetics, vol. 108, no. 1, p. 113-120.
Rohlf, F.J. (2000). NTSYS-pc: numerical taxonomy and multivariate analysis system version 2.1. Exeter Software. Setauket, NY.
Yeh, F.C., Yang, R.C., Boyle, T. (2000). POPGENE 1.32: A Free Program for the Analysis of Genetic Variation among and Within Populations Using Co-Dominant and Dominant Markers. Dept of Ren. Res., Uni Alberta, Canada.