Vaishali Gangwar1*, Vijay Sharma2, Mukul Kumar3, C., M. Singh4, Kammaludin5 and Om Prakash6
Department of Crop Physiology1, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding2,3.4,5, Department of Fruit Science6
Banda University of Agriculture and Technology, Banda, Uttar Pradesh (India) 210001
Received-25.03.2025, Revised-10.04.2025, Accepted-22.04.2025
Abstract: Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) play a significant role in plant development and cellular processes. ROS are molecules that are generated as by-products during various cellular reactions, including photosynthesis and respiration. While ROS are known to have harmful effects on plants in high concentrations, they are also essential signaling molecules that regulate many physiological processes in plants. ROS regulates plant development by controlling the balance between cell growth and death. For example, in roots, ROS promote cell elongation and differentiation, while in leaves, they regulate leaf size and shape. ROS also play a role in regulating the plant’s response to environmental stressors, such as drought and salinity. In addition to regulating plant development, ROS also participate in various cellular processes, including hormone signalling, defence responses, and programmed cell death. ROS are involved in the synthesis and signalling of plant hormones, such as abscisic acid, which is critical in regulating plant responses to abiotic stress. ROS also play a role in the activation of defence responses, such as the synthesis of pathogenesis-related proteins and the induction of systemic acquired resistance. Furthermore, ROS are involved in programmed cell death, which is essential for plant growth and development, as well as for the defence against pathogens. In conclusion, ROS play a crucial role in plant development and cellular processes. While high levels of ROS can be harmful to plants, low levels of ROS are essential for regulating plant growth, development, and responses to environmental stressors. Understanding the role of ROS in plants is important for developing strategies to enhance plant growth and productivity in agricultural settings while also helping plants to cope with the challenges of changing environmental conditions.
Keywords: Cellular processes, Oxidative stress, Mitochondria, Developmental stages
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