Anila Baloda1 and Seema Chaudhary2*
1Department of Botany, DAV College, Chandigarh- 160011
2Department of Research & Development, Chimera Gentec Pvt. Ltd, Greater Noida,
Uttar Pradesh- 201310
Email: puja.smp@gmail.com
Received-29.12.2016, Revised-14.01.2017
Abstract: Cancer is an abnormal growth and proliferation of cells. It is the world second biggest killer after cardiovascular disease. Medicinal plants have been used for healing and preventative health for thousands of years all around the world. The use of herbal medicines in cancer prevention and treatment is increasing worldwide, now days because of their natural origin and lesser side effects. Traditional medicines are widely used in India. There are 21,000 plants which are used for medicinal purposes around the world as listed by World Health Organization. Among these, 2500 species are in India, out of which 150 species are used commercially on a large scale. India is called as botanical garden of the world and is the largest producer of medicinal herbs (Seth et al., 2004) Research indicates several possible mechanisms of action for herbal medicines and their phytochemicals may act alone or in concert to reduce cancer risk through their anti-oxidant (Ahmed et al., 2013), and anti-tumorigenic properties, as well as their direct suppressive effect on carcinogen bioactivities. In this article we gather the information about the easily available plants used previously and recently identified in the treatment of cancer.
Keywords: Ayurveda, Cancer, Medicinal plants, Treatment
REFERENCES
Sehrawat, A. and Kumar, V. (2012). Butein imparts free radical scavenging, anti-oxidative and proapoptotic properties in the flower extracts of Butea monosperma Biocell, 36, pp. 63–71
Aggarwal, B.B. et al. (2007). The Indian solid gold. Adv Exp Med Biol. 595:1–75.
Ahmad, N. et al., (2011). Dengue fever treatment with Carica papaya leaves extracts. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine. 330-333.
Ahmed, M. et al. (2013). Role of Medicinal Plants in Oxidative Stress and Cancer. 2: 641 doi:10.4172/ scientificreports.641.
Ahmed, M.E. et al. (2013). Attenuation of oxidative damage-associated cognitive decline by Withania somnifera in rat model of streptozotocin-induced cognitive impairment.Protoplasma. Jan 23.
Singh, A., Malhotra, S. and Subban, R. (2008). Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Agents from Indian medicinal plants, International journal of integrative Biology, 3:57-72
Aoki, H. et al. (2007). Evidence that curcumin suppresses the growth of malignant gliomas in vitro and in vivo through induction of autophagy: role of Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathways. Mol Pharmacol. 72:29–39. doi: 10.1124/mol.106.033167.
Baliga, M.S. et al. (2013). Ocimum sanctum L (Holy Basil or Tulsi) and its phytochemicals in the prevention and treatment of cancer. Nutr Cancer. 65Suppl 1:26-35.
Banerjee, S., Prashar, R., Kumar, A. and Rao, A.R. (1996). Modulatory influence of alcoholic extract of Ocimum leaves on carcinogen induced metabolizing enzyme activities and reduced glutathione levels in mouse. Nutr Cancer 25:205–217.
Bhavana, J. et al. (2016). Cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic activities of leaf extract of Croton bonplandianus Baill. Against lung cancer cell line A549. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 54, 379-385.
Chattopadhyay, I. et al. (2004). Turmeric and curcumin Biological actions and medicinal applications. Curr Sci. 87:44–50.
Chaudhary, R., Jahan, S. and Goyal, P.K. (2008). Chemopreventive potential of an Indian medicinal plant (Tinosporacordifolia) on skin carcinogenesis in mice. J Environ PatholToxicolOncol. 27:233–43.
Chihiro, Ito (2003). New cinnamyl phenols from Dalbergia species with cancer chemopreventive activity, J Nat Prod, 66(1): 1574-1577.
Choedon, T. et al. (2010). Chemopreventive and anti-cancer properties of the aqueous extract of flowers of Buteamonosperma. J. Ethnopharmacol. 129:208-13.
Coleman, D.T. et al. (2015). Curcumin Prevents Palmitoylation of Integrin β4 in Breast Cancer Cells. PLoS One. 2015 4; 10(5):e0125399. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125399. eCollection.
Devi, P.U. et al. (1992). In vivo growth inhibitory effect of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) on a transplantable mouse tumor sarcoma- 180. Indian J Exp Biol. 30:169-172
Devi, P.U. et al. (1996). In vivo growth inhibitory and radiosensitizing effects of withaferinA on mouse Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in vivo. AcatOncol 1996;35:95-100
Devi, P.U. (1996). Withania somnifera dunal: potential plant source of a promising drug for chemotherapy and radiosensitization. Indian J exp Biol. 34:927-932
Jerome, E. (2011). Aloe Used in Preventing and Fighting Cancer – We Love Aloe! www.aloeplant.info/aloe-preventing-and-fighting-cancer/ Mar 16.
Elattar, T.M. and Virji, A.S. (2000). The inhibitory effect of curcumin, genistein, quercetin and cisplatin on the growth of oral cancer cells in-vitro. Anticancer Res. 20:1733–1738.
Elumalai, P. et al. (2012). Ethanolic neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) leaf extract induces apoptosis and inhibits the IGF signaling pathway in breast cancer cell lines. Biomedicine and Preventive Nutrition. 2(1):59–68. doi: 10.1016/j.bionut.2011.12.008
Fauziya, S. and Krishnamurthy, R. (2013). Papaya (Carica papaya): Source material for anticancer CIBTech J Pharm Sci. 2(1):25-34.
Ghogare, P. et al. (2014). Recent Alkaloids from Dalbergia Sissoo and various herbs as anticancer agents. International Journal of Traditional System of Medicine. 1(1):28-33.
Grover, A. et al. (2012). Ashwagandha derived withanone targets TPX2-Aurora A complex: computational and experimental evidence to its anticancer activity. PloS one 7, no. 1: e30890.
Gunadharini, D.N. et al. (2011). Induction of apoptosis and inhibition of PI3K/Akt pathway in PC-3 and LNCaP prostate cancer cells by ethanolic neem leaf extract. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 134(3):644–650. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.01.015
Hossain, M.A. et al. (2013). Identification and characterization of chemical compounds in different crude extracts from leaves of Omani neem. Journal of Taibah University for Science. 7(4):181–188. doi: 10.1016/j.jtusci.2013.05.003
Hussain, A. et al. (2015). Aloe Vera inhibits proliferation of human breast and cervical cancer cells and acts synergistically with cisplatin. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 16(7):2939-46.
Indran, M., Mahmood, A.A. and Kuppusamy, U.R., (2008). Protective effect of Carica papaya L leaf extract against alcohol induced acute gastric damage and blood oxidative stress in rats. West Indian Med J. Sep. 57(4): 323-326.
Banu, J., Rekha and Jayakar, B. (2011). Anti-cancer activity of ethanolic extract of Leaves of Butea monosperma (Lam) Taub. Current Pharma ResearchPR 1(2), 106-110.
Jagetia, G.C., Nayak, V. and Vidyasagar, M.S. (1998). Cancer Lett. 127(1–2):71–82
Jurenka, J.S. (2009). Anti-inflammatory properties of curcumin, a major constituent of Curcima longa: A review of preclinical and clinical research. Altern Med Rev. 14:141–153.
Karthikeyan, K., Ravichadran, P. and Govindasamy, S. (1999). Chemopreventive effect of Ocimum sanctum on DMBA-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis. Oral Oncol. 35(1):112-119
Kataria, H. et al. (2011). Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2011: Water Extract of Ashwagandha Leaves Limits Proliferation and Migration, and Induces Differentiation in Glioma Cells.Hindawi Publishing Corporation. [Online] [Cited: April 13, 2011.] doi:10.1093/ecam/nep188.
Kim, S.C. et al. (2010). Ethanol extract of Ocimum sanctum exerts anti-metastatic activitythrough inactivation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and enhancement of antioxidant enzymes. Food ChemToxicol. 2010
Lau, G.T. et al. (2010). Butein downregulates phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced COX-2 transcriptional activity in cancerous and non-cancerous breast cells . Eur J Pharmacol.
Liu, Q., Loo, W.T., Sze, S.C. and Tong, Y. (2009). Curcumin inhibits cell proliferation of MDA-MB-231 and BT-483 breast cancer cells mediated by down-regulation of NFkappaB, cyclinD and MMP-1 transcription. Phytomedicine. 16:916–922. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2009.04.008
Mathers, C.D. and Loncar, D. (2006). PLoS Med. 3(11):442. [PubMed]
Mishra, M.K. (2016). Preliminary Phytochemical Screening and Pharmacological Evaluation of the Leaves of Butea Monosperma. Int J Pharm Sci Res 7(2): 714-18.doi: 10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.7(2).714-1869.
Mohandas, K.M. and Desai, D.C. (1999). Epidemiology of digestive tract cancers in India. V. Large and small bowel. Indian J Gastroenterol. 18:118–121.
Murthy, K.R.S. and Sarangadhara, S. (1987). Chaukambha Orientalia.
Nahar, P.P., Slitt, A.L. and Seeram, N.P. (2014). Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Novel Standardized Solid Lipid Curcumin Formulations. J Med Food. Dec 9
Nguyen, T.T. et al. (2013). Anticancer activity of Carica papaya: a review. Mol Nutr Food Res. Jan;57(1):153-64. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201200388. Epub 2012 Dec 5.
O’Sullivan-Coyne, G. et al. (2009). Curcumin induces apoptosis-independent death in oesophageal cancer cells. Br J Cancer. 101:1585–1595
Otsuki, N. et al., (2010). Aqueous extract of Carica papaya leaves exhibits anti-tumor activity and immunomodulatory effects. J Ethnopharmacol. Feb 17; 12(3): 760-767.
Prakash, P. and Gupta, N. (2005). Therapeutic uses of Ocimum sanctum Linn (Tulsi) with a note on eugenol and its pharmacological actions: A short review. Indian J Physiol Pharmocol, 49(2): 125-131.
Rahman, S. et al. (2011). Anti-bacterial screening of leaves and stem of Caricapapaya.Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 5(2): 5167-5171
Raja, P. et al. (2014). Anti-proliferative and apoptosis inducing effect of nimbolide by altering molecules involved in apoptosis and IGF signalling via PI3K/Akt in prostate cancer (PC-3) cell line. Cell Biochemistry and Function. 32(3):217–228. doi: 10.1002/cbf.2993
Ramer, R. et al. (2012). Cannabidiol inhibits lung cancer cell invasion and metastasis via intercellular adhesion molecule-1, FASEB J. Apr;26(4):1535-48. doi: 10.1096/fj.11-198184. Epub 2011 Dec 23.
Rana, V., Kumar, V. and Soni, P.L. (2009). Structure of the oligosaccharides isolated from DalbergiasissooRoxb. leaf polysaccharide, Carbohydrate Polymers, 78(3): 520-525.
Rasheed, Z. et al. (2010). Butrin, Isobutrin, and Butein from Medicinal Plant Butea monosperma Selectively Inhibit Nuclear Factor-B in Activated Human Mast Cells: Suppression of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, Interleukin (IL) -6, and IL-8. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics; 333(2): 354.
Richardson, J. et al. (2005). Aloe vera for preventing radiation-induced skin reactions: a systematic literature review. ClinOncol (R CollRadiol);17:478–84.
Ahmad, R., Srivastava, A. and Khan, M. (2005). Evaluation of in vitro anticancer activity of stem of Tinosporacordifolia against human breast cancer and Vero cell lines. Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies; 3(4): 33-37
Sener, S.F., Grey N. and Surg, J. (2005). Oncol. 92(1):1–3. [PubMed]
Seth, S.D. and Sharma, B. (2004). Medicinal plants of India. Indian J. Med. Res. 120:9–11.
Shah, M.H., Mukhtar, I. and Khan, S.N. (2010). Medicinal Importance and Association of Pathological Constraints with Dalbergiasissoo Pak J Phytopathology,22 (2): 135-138.
Shah, Navjot et al. (2009). Effect of the alcoholic extract of Ashwagandha leaves and its components on proliferation, migration, and differentiation of glioblastoma cells: combinational approach for enhanced differentiation. Cancer science 100, no. 9: 1740-1747.
Shaltout, K.H. and Keshta, A.E. (2011). The Biology of Egyptian Woody Perennials 4. DalbergiasissooRoxb. Ex DC. Ass, Univ Bull Environ Res 14 (2): 131-153.
Shimizu, T. et al. (2013). Holy Basil leaf extract decreases tumorigenicity and metastasis of aggressive human pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and in vivo: potential role in therapy. CancerLett. Aug 19; 336(2):270-80.
Surjushe, A., Vasani, R. and Saple, D.G. (2008). Aloe vera: a short review. Indian J Dermatol; 53:163-6.
Kwak, T. et al. (2014). Inhibitory effect of ethanol extract of Ocimum sanctum on osteopontin-mediated metastasis of NCI-H460 non-small cell lung cancer cells. BMC Complementary Altern Med; 14:419.
Tariq, A.L. and A. L. Reyaz (2012a). Isolation of cannabinoids from the plant Cannabis sativa and its potential anticancer activity.Internat. Res. J. Biotech. 3(2):22-26.
Thippeswamy, G. and Salimath, B.P. (2007). Induction of caspase-3 activated DNase mediated apoptosis by hexane fraction of Tinosporacordifolia in EAT cells. Environ ToxicolPharmacol. 23:212–20.
Treadway, S. (1998). An Ayurvedic herbal approach to a healthy liver. Clin Nutr Insights; 6:1–3.
Devi, U. (2001). Radio protective, anticarcinogenic and antioxidant properties of the Indian holy basil, Ocimum sanctum (Tulasi). Indian J Exp Biol. 39:185-190.
Upadhyaya, R., P.R., Sharma, V. and Anita, K.V. (2011). Assessment of the multifaceted immunomodulatory potential of the aqueous extract of Tinosporacordifolia. Res J Chem Sci. 1:71–9.
Venkataraman, M. et al. (2009). Ocimum sanctum induces apoptosis in A549 lung cancer cells and suppresses the in vivo growth of lewis lung carcinoma cells. Phytother Res; 23:1385-91.
Verma, R., Chaudhary, H.S. and Agrawal, R.C. (2011). Evaluation of anticarcinogenic and antimutagenic effect of Tinosporacordifolia in experimental animals. J Chem Pharm Res; 3: 877-881.
Widodo, Nashi et al. (2008). “Selective killing of cancer cells by leaf extract of Ashwagandha: Components, activity and pathway analyses.” Cancer letters 262, no. 1: 37-47.
World Health Organisation (WHO). (2007). Fight against cancer: strategies that prevent care and cure. Http://who.int/cancer/publicat/whocancerbrochure.fina lweb.pdf
Wu, Chia-Mao et al. (2009). Tylophorine arrests carcinoma cells at G1 phase by down regulating cyclin A2 expression. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications; 386 (1): 140-145
Yu, Yanke, et al. (2010).BiochemPharmacol. 79(4): Withaferin A Targets Heat Shock Protein 90 in Pancreatic Cancer Cells. PubMed: U.S. National Library of Medicine and the National Institutes of Health. [Online] February 15, [Cited: April 12, 2011.]
Zhang, M. et al. (2004). Radiosensitization of vinorelbine and gemcitabine in NCI-H460 non-small-cell lung cancer cells. Int J RadiatOncolBiolPhys; 58:353–60.
Zong, A., Cao, H. and Wang, F. (2012). Anticancer polysaccharides from natural resources: a review of recent research. Carbohydrate Polymers. 90(4):1395–1410.doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol. 2012.07.026.