Ajit Singh1*, S.S. Jheeba2, Deepak Kr. Jaiswal3 and IngleDipak Shyamrao4
1*Department of Agricultural Economics, Birsa Agricultural University, Jharkhand
2Department of Agricultural Economics,
Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, Rajasthan
3Birsa Agricultural University, Jharkhand
Email: ajitsingh15789@gmail.com
Received-30.01.2022, Revised-14.02.2022, Accepted-23.02.2022
Abstract: The aim of the present study was to study the effect on production and return due to soil health deterioration and over use of chemical pesticides. For the purpose of present study, two districts were selected from 33 districts having maximum area of vegetable production. In the second stage, two blocks from each of these districts were selected according to production and in the third stage three per cent villages were randomly selected from each block. Environmental cost has been defined to include the cost of the effect on human health and soil degradation. The effect on human health is estimated to include the number of days lost, the loss in the work efficiency for those who experienced some health problems but did not take medicines. The result showed that total production and environmental cost was `. 733947.88 in Sri Ganganagar district and `. 722396.65 in Jaipur district. Out of that total cost, the production cost was `. 590683 and `. 657838 in Sri Ganganagar and Jaipur district respectively. Total environmental cost was `. 143264.88 in Sri Ganganagar district and. `. 64558.65 In Jaipur district. In per centage terms, the share of cost of production was as high as 91.06 in Jaipur and 80.47 per cent in Sri Gangangar district. In both the areas, urgent measures need to be taken to restore the health of the soils to promote ecological sustainability and economic viability of high cash crop cultivation.
Keywords: Environmental cost, Human health, Soil health
REFERENCES
Aktar, Md. Wasim, Sengupta, Dwaipayan and Chowdhury, Ashim (2009). Impact of pesticides use in agriculture: their benefits and hazards. Interdiscip Toxicol., 2(1), 1-12.
Atreya, K., Fredhakon, J. and Bishal, K.S. (2012). Health and environmental costs of pesticide use in vegetable farming in Nepal.Environ Dev Sustain, 14,477–493. DOI 10.1007/s10668-011-9334-4.
Carriger, J. F., Rand, G. M., Gardinali, P. R., Perry, W. B., Tompkins, M. S. and Fernandez, A. M. (2006). Pesticides of potential ecological concern in sediment from South Florida canals: An ecological risk prioritization for aquatic arthropods., 15(1), 21–45.
Chitra Grace, A., Muraleedharan, V. R., Swaminathan, T. and Veeraraghavan, D. (2006). Use of pesticides and its impact on health of farmers in south India. International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health, 12:228–233.
FAO (2018). Pesticide Use Data-FAOSTAT. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/ #data/RP.
Gill, H. K. and Garg, H. (2014). Pesticides: Environmental impacts and management strategies. In and others (Ed.), Pesticides – Toxic Aspects. Intech Open.
Manjunatha, B. L., Hajong, Dipika, Tewari, Pratibha, Singh, Bhagwan, Shantaraja, C. S., Prashant, H., Nikumbhe, Jat, N. K., Shiran, K. and Parihar, R. P. (2018). Quality Seed Accessibility Index: A Case Study from a Village in Western Rajasthan. Indian Journal of Extension Education, 54(1): 33-43.
Manjunatha, B. L., Rao, D.U.M., Sharma, J. P., Burman, R. R., Hajong, Dipika, Dastagiri, M.B. and Sumanthkumar, V. (2015). Factors Affecting Accessibility, Use and Performance of Quality Seeds in Andhra Pradesh and Bihar: Farmers’ Experiences, Journal of Community Mobilization and Sustainable Development, 10(1): 130-145.
Maurya, P. K. and Malik, D. S. (2016). Bioaccumulation of Xenobiotics Compound of pesticides in riverine system and its control technique: A critical review. J. Ind. Pollut. Control, 32.
Mawar, R., Manjunatha, B. L. and Kumar, S. (2021). Commercialization, diffusion and adoption of bioformulations for sustainable disease management in Indian arid agriculture: Prospects and Challenges. Circular Economy and Sustainability.
Mishra, J., Dutta, V. and Arora, N. (2020). Biopesticides in India: technology and sustainability linkages. 3 Biotech 10.
Savary, S., Willocquet, L., Pethybridge, S. J., Esker, P., McRoberts, N. and Nelson, A. (2019). The global burden of pathogens and pests on major food crops. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 3(3), 430-439.
Sharma, K., Raju, S., Kumar, D. and Thakur, S. (2018). Biopesticides: an effective tool for insect pest management and current scenario in India.
Subash, S.P., Prem Chand, Pavithra, S., Balaji, S.J. and Suresh Pal (2017). Pesticide use in Indian agriculture: Trends, market structure and policy issues. Policy Brief No. 43.ICAR- National Institute of Agricultural Economics and Policy Research, New Delhi. 4p.
Yadav, S. and Dutta, S. (2019). A Study of Pesticide Consumption Pattern and Farmer’s Perceptions towards Pesticides: A Case of Tijara Tehsil, Alwar (Rajasthan). International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 8(04), 96–104.