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Sofia-Joseline Sandoval-Villagrana1, Brenda Molina-Ramírez2, Miguel-Antonio Chong-Alcalá1,Irais Castillo-Maldonado2, Dealmy Delgadillo-Guzmán1, Tania González-Cortés2, Cecilia Hernández-Morales3, Pedro IV González-Luna3, María del Carmen Vega-Menchaca4, Joaquín Avalos-Soto5, Miguel Ángel Téllez-López5& David Pedroza-Escobar*2,6
1Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila. Unidad Torreon. Torreon, Coahuila, 27000, Mexico.,2Centro de Investigacion Biomedica. Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila. Unidad Torreon. Torreon, Coahuila, 27000, Mexico.,3Facultad de Odontologia. Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila. Unidad Torreon. Torreon, Coahuila, 27000, Mexico.,4Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Gómez Palacio, Mexico.,5Cuerpo Académico Farmacia y Productos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Gómez Palacio, Mexico.,6Centro de Actividades Multidisciplinarias de Prevención CAMP A.C.
Email: dpedroza@uadec.edu.mx
Received-02.04.2023, Revised-14.04.2023, Accepted-25.04.2023
Abstract: Bees are the most important pollinating insects of plants. They perform this function involuntarily by carrying on the pollen that falls on them when they feed on floral nectar. The nectar nutrient content and composition vary among plant species. Nectar is an aqueous solution of sugars, amino acids, minerals, and plant-derived compounds such as alkaloids, phenolics and terpenes. Apitherapy is an alternative medicine used instead of conventional medicine to treat health problems. Current studies have focused on the beneficial effects of bee’s venom injection, a branch of apitherapy, at local sites. Many of the components of bee venom exhibits several biological properties such as hepato-protective activities, anti- cardiac arrhythmias, antituberculosis, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antiviral activities. Currently, there have been described at least 18 molecules in the bee venom as active components exhibiting pharmaceutical properties. Bee venom is a colorless, bitter and acid liquid which includes a mixture of several compounds and proteins. The venom gland of bees is responsible for producing the venom which is also known as apitoxin and plays a defensive role. This liquid is mostly water and a low proportion is dry venom, which contains melittin, adolapin, apamin, mast cell degranulating peptide, enzymes, amino acids, sugars and some volatile compounds. The volatile components of apitoxin include terpenes, phenolics and alkaloids.
Keywords: Medicinal properties, Bee venom, Plant-derived compounds, Phenolics, Terpenes
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