D. Niranjan*, N.B. Shridhar1, M.H. Vinuta1, U. Sunil Chandra1, S.S. Manjunatha1
and M.S. Rudraswamy2
Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and ToxicologyVeterinary College Shivamogga, Karnataka
Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Bidar, Karnataka, India
Email: Niranjan.niranjan.d@gmail.com
Received-02.03.2023, Revised-13.03.2023, Accepted-24.03.2023
Abstract: Trema orientalis is a small to medium sized tree belonging to Cannabaceae family. This species was a typical pioneer plant used in traditional medicine for the treatment of ailments in tropical regions, mainly in Asia. This species of Tremawas often used to cure infections and fevers. It is commonly called as gun powder tree, Indian charcoal tree, Indian nettle, oriental Nettle and Pigeon wood. Although there were numerous traditional claims of the medicinal properties of the aerial parts of the plant, the reports of incidences of suspected toxicity in goats necessitated the studies on phytochemical constituents of T. orientalis. As per the information received regarding the incidences of the plant toxicity, the ailing goats had exhibited abnormal clinical signs such as in coordination, apathy, tenesmus and paddling movements. An experimental study was undertaken to assess the phytochemical constituents of T. orientalis. by using methanol as solvent for the extraction of aerial parts of the plant. The sieved plant powder was soaked in methanol at 1:5 ratio in glass containers for one week and then filtered and subjected to extraction using rotary evaporator. Finally obtained powdery extract was used for phytochemical screening tests. The distilled water was used as solvent for extract for some of the tests. All the tests were performed as per standard protocol using the chemicals and reagents procured from authenticated chemical manufacturers and results were recorded. The Physical characteristics, per cent yield were also estimated in which per cent yield was 12.38, greenish black colour and powdery consistency of extract were also found. The phytochemical screening of T. Orientalis revealed the presence of carbohydrates, starch, balsam, flavonoids, glycosides, phenolic compounds, phytosterols, triterpenoids, philobatannins, tannins, saponins and volatile oils, while the extract was negative for the presence of alkaloids, amino acids and protein. The phytoconstituents of the plant might play an important role in therapeutic and toxic properties.
Keywords: Trema orientalis, Phytochemical, Therapeutic, Toxic, Methanol
REFERENCES
Ahmad, T., Singh, S.B. and Pandey, S. (2013). Phytochemical screening and physicochemical parameters of crude drugs: A brief review. International Journal of Pharma Research & Review, 2(12):53-60.
Ajayi, G.O., Idoko, A. andUsman, A. (2018). Phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity of Trema orientalis (Ulmaceae) stem bark extracts on respiratory tract bacteria. Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research, 2(12):512-516.
Ayoade, G.W., Olusi, T.A., Amoo, I.A. andEka-ete, G.E. (2014).Composition of some traditional malaria remedies and their antiplasmodial effects on (Plasmodium berghei). International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 4(3):1-7.
Ayoola, G.A., Coker, H.A., Adesegun, S.A., Adepoju-Bello, A.A., Obaweya, K., Ezennia, E.C. andAtangbayila, T.O. (2008). Phytochemical screening and antioxidant activities of some selected medicinal plants used for malaria therapy in Southwestern Nigeria. Tropical journal of pharmaceutical research, 11, 7(3):1019-1024.
Cos, P., Vlietinck, A.J., Berghe, D.V. andMaes, L. (2006).Anti-infective potential of natural products: How to develop a stronger in vitro ‘proof-of-concept’. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 106 (3):290-302.
Cowan, MM. (1999). Plant products as antimicrobial agents. Clinical microbiology reviews, 12(4):564-582.
Dubey, S., Maity, S., Singh, M., Saraf, S.A. andSaha, S. (2013). Phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of Spilanthesacmella: a review. Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1; 1-9.
Harborne, A.J. (1998).Phytochemical methods a guide to modern techniques of plant analysis.springer science & business media; 1998 Apr 30.
Hossain, H., Jahan, I.A., Islam, H.S., Kanti, D.S., Arpona, H. andArif, A. (2013). Phytochemical screening and anti-nociceptive properties of the ethanolic leaf extract of Tremacannabina lour. Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin, 3(1):103.
Osanaiye, A., Catherine, B. andRukayyah, A. (2014). Phytochemical analysis, anti–microbial screening and antioxidant activity of the seed of Tremaorientalis, Acad. J. Sci., 3(1):211-217.
Panchal, H.S., Master, S.M., Saluja, A.K. and Patel, M.R. (2015).Pharmacognostic and phytochemical evaluation of Tremaorientalis leaf. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences,7 (5):317-319.
Parekh, J. andChanda, S. (2007). In vitro antimicrobial activity and phytochemical analysis of some Indian medicinal plants. Turkish journal of biology, 31(1):53-58.
Pye, C.R., Bertin, M.J., Lokey, R.S., Gerwick, W.H. andLinington, R.G. (2017). Retrospective analysis of natural products provides insights for future discovery trends. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 114(22):5601-5606.
Saleh, A., Zainal-Ariffin, S.M., Yahaya, S.F. andKhaleel, A.G. (2020).Antioxidant activities and estimation of phenol and flavonoid contents in the extracts of Tremaorientalis Linn Blume. Nigerian Veterinary Journal, 41(2):73-84.
Sasidharan, S., Chen, Y., Saravanan, D., Sundram, K.M. andLatha, L.Y. (2011). Extraction, isolation and characterization of bioactive compounds from plants’ extracts. African journal of traditional, complementary and alternative medicines, 8(1).
Saxena, M., Saxena, J., Nema, R., Singh, D. and Gupta, A. (2013).Phytochemistry of medicinal plants. Journal of pharmacognosy and phytochemistry,1(6):168-182.
Shah, R.K. andYadav, R.N. (2015). Qualitative phytochemical analysis and estimation of total phenols and flavonoids in leaf extract of sarcochlamys pulcherrima wedd. Glob J Biosci Biotechnol. 4(1):81-84.