Cabral-Hipólito Nidia1, Molina-Ramírez Brenda1, Castillo-Maldonado Irais1, Delgadillo-Guzmán Dealmy2, González-Cortés Tania1, Torres-León Cristian3, Ramírez-Moreno Agustina4, Flores-Loyola Erika4, Hernández-Morales Cecilia5, Prieto-Hinojosa Adria I.6,7 and Pedroza-Escobar David*1,8
1Department ofBiochemistry, BiomedicalResearch Centre, Facultyof Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila Unidad Torreon, Torreon, Mexico
2Department ofPharmacology, Facultyof Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila,
Torreon, Mexico
3Research Center and Ethnobiological Garden, Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila, 27480, Unidad Torreón, Viesca, Coahuila, Mexico
4Faculty ofBiologicalSciences, Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila Unidad Torreon,
Torreon, Mexico
5Facultad de Odontologia Unidad Torreón, Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila Unidad Torreon, Torreon, Mexico
6Department of Molecular Immunobiology, BiomedicalResearch Center, Facultyof Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila Unidad Torreon, Torreon, Mexico
7Tecnológico de Monterrey Campus Laguna, Torreon, Mexico
8Centro de Actividades Multidisciplinarias de Prevención CAMP A.C.
Email: dpedroza@uadec.edu.mx
Received-03.05.2022, Revised-18.05.2022, Accepted-29.05.2022
Abstract: The immune response is divided into the innate and the adaptive immunity, both include humoral and cellular components. The immune responsiveness leading to a specific immunity,e.g., humoral immune response, depends on the antigen that the body sees as harmful or foreign. Unfortunately, not all the antigens are able to stimulate the immune system. So that, immunologic adjuvants are used to reinforce the immune response against a weak immunogenic antigen. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the immunologic adjuvant activity of Neemaqueous leaf extract over humoral immune response of Wistar rats immunized with bovine serum albumin (BSA).Phytochemical compositionof the extract was determined and cytotoxicity tests were performed on the extract to stablish the concentrations to be tested. Later,25 rats were divided into 5 groups of 5 animals each and immunized in a 30-day immunization scheme with bovine serum albumin as an antigen and several adjuvants.The groups were: 1) PBS, 2) BSA, 3) Aluminum adjuvanted BSA, 4) Neem adjuvanted BSA, and 5) Freund’s complete adjuvanted BSA. At the end of the immunization the antibodies were purified, quantified and isotyped. Finally, the specificity of the antibodies was evaluated by immunoprecipitation against BSA. Neem extract showed no cytotoxicity (LD50 > 400 µg/ml), in the phytochemical profile carbohydrates, flavonoids and tannins were identified. No significant differences (p> 0.05) were found among antibody isotypes and concentration in the study groups. However, significant differences were found in the specificity of antibodies (p <0.05) when compared Freund’s complete adjuvant against other groups but Neem.
Keywords: Immunologic adjuvant, Neem, Azadirachta indica
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