Dharam Pal, Sunil Kumar*, R.S. Garhwal and Anil Kumar
Department of Soil Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana-125004
Email: dharampalsagwal3238@gmail.com
Received-05.04.2022, Revised-18.04.2022, Accepted-28.04.2022
Abstract: In modern agriculture, most of the field operations from sowing to harvesting are done mechanically by using heavy agricultural machinery and equipments/implements. However, the loads from these heavy machineries may induce stresses exceeding soil strength causing soil compaction. Field preparation with large and heavier agricultural machinery induced hard pan/plough sole at the depth below the tilled zone of approximately 20 cm (sub-soil compaction). This is more serious problem because alleviating procedures such as sub-soiling or deep tillage is difficult and costly, over and above normal tillage. The magnitude of top as well as sub-soil compaction, however, depends on the type of tillage equipment, intensity of tillage, soil properties (texture, organic matter contents etc.) and the soil moisture content at the time of tillage.
Keywords: Soil compaction, Soil properties, Plant growth, Crop yields
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