Geeta Siddhu* and Gulfam Ali
Department of Botany, Kisan(P.G) College, Simbhaoli-245207, India
Email: dr.geetasiddhu@yahoo.in
Received-31.05.2015, Revised-08.06.2015
Abstract: In the present research work surface sterilized seeds of Vigna mungo. L. and Solanum. melongena L. were raised to analyzed changes in germination, seedling growth, chlorophyll contents, nitrate and nitrite reductase activity under CdCl2, CaCO3 stress singly and in combination 10-2 M+200 ppm, 10-4 M +100 ppm 10-5 M+50 ppm, 10-8 M+25 ppm and control were investigated. Observations were recorded at 3, 5, 7, 10, 30, 45 and 60th day of sowing displayed significant decrease in all the attributes of both crop plants on CdCl2 application However, activity of nitrate and nitrite reductase, seedling growth, and chlorophyll contents were enhanced in lower Cd stress 10-8 M. Application of CaCO3 shows the more elevations than CdCl2 singly while combined effect of Cd+Ca is more pronounced in comparison to their individual effects.
Keywords: CaCO3, NR activity, Chlorophyll contents, Vigna mungo. L. and Solanum. melongena L.
REFERENCES
Abdulbaki, A. and Anderson, J.D. (1973). Physiological and biological determination of seeds in “Seed biology” edited by TT Kozlowskin, Academic Press, New York, pp. 283-310.
Ahsan, N., Lee, D.G., Lee, S.H., Kang, K.Y., Lee J.J. and Kim, P.J. (2007) Excess copper induced physiological and proteomic changes in germinating rice seeds. chemosphere, 67, 1182-1193.
Ali Khan, M.A. and Siddhu, G. (2006).Phytotoxic effect of cadmium (Cd) on physiology of Urd bean [Vigna mungo (L.) Heeper]. Ad. Plant Sci., 19 (11): 439-444.
Arshi. A., Abdin, M.Z. and Iqbal, M. (2006b). Sennoside content and yield attributes of Cassia angustifolia Vahi. As affected by NaCl and CaCl2. Sci. Hort., 11, 84-90.
Arshi. A., Abdin, M.Z. and qbal, M.I (2006a). Effects of CaCl2 on growth performance, photosynthetic efficiency and nitrogen assimilation of Cichorium intybus L. grown under NaCl stress. Acta Physiol. Plant., 28, 137-147.
Arshi. A., Ahmad, A., Aref, I.M. and Iqbal, M. (2010). Calcium interaction with salinity-induced effects on growth and metabolism of soybean (Glycine max L.) cultivars. J.Envion. Biol. 31, 795-801.
Benavides, M.P., Gallego, S.M. and Tomar, M.L. (2005). Cadmium toxicity in plants. Braz. J. Plant Physiol., 17, 21-34.
Chou, C.H. and Muller, C.H. (1972). Allelopathic mechanism of Archtostaphyous glandulosa var. Zazaensis. Am. Mid. Nat., 88 : 324-347.
Greger, M. and Bertell, B.G. (1992). Effects of Ca and Cd2+ on carbohydrate metabolism in sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris). J. Exp. Bot., 43 : 167-173.
Hernandez, L.E. and Cooke, D.T. (1997). Modification of the root plasma membrane, lipid composition of cadmium treated Pisum sativum. J. Exp. Bot., 48, 1375-1381.
Hernandez, L.E., Carpena-Ruiz, R., Garate, A. (1996). Alteration in the mineral nutrition of pea seedling exposed to cadmium. J. Plant Nutr. 19; 1581-1598.
Jackson, P.J., Delhaize, E. and Robinson, N.J. (1190). Mechanism of trace metal tolerance in plants. In: Environment at injury to plants (Ed.: F. Katterman). Academic Press, New York.
Kuriakosa, S.V., prasad, m.n.v. (2008). Cadmium stress affects seed germination and seedling growth in sorghum bicolor (L.) moench by changing the activities of hydrolyzing enzymes. Plant growth regul. 54,143-156.
Li. W., Khan, M.A., Yamaguchi, S. and Kamiya, Y. (2000). Effects of heavy metals on seed germination and early seedling growth of Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Growth Regul., 46, 257-262.
Mehindirata, S., Mahmooduzzafar, T.O. and Muhamad, I. (1999). Cadmium induced changes in foliar responses of Solanum melongena L. Phytomorphology, 49 (3) : 295-302.
Mohan, R. and Saran, B. (1999). Effect of pre-sowing seed treatment on germination and seedling growth in black gram under cadmium stress. Neo Botanica, 7 (2) : 113-115.
Nishi, B., Singh, R.P. and Sinha, S.K. (1996). Effect of calcium chloride on heavy metal induced alteration in growth and nitrate assimilation of Sesamum indicum seedlings. Phytochemistry, 41 (1): 105-109.
Sadasivum, S and Manickam, A., Amino acids and proteins in (1992). Biochemical methods for agricultural science. Wiley Eastern Limited, New Delhi (India), PP 56-58.
Sadasivum, S. and Manickam, A., Enzymes in (1992). Biochemical methods for agricultural science. Wiley Eastern Limited, New Delhi (India), 100-103.
Sadasivum, S. and Manickam, A., Enzymes in (1992). Biochemical methods for agricultural science. Wiley Eastern Limited, New Delhi (India), 100-106 & 122.
Sadasivum, S. and Manikam, A. (1992). Carbohydrates in: Biochemical methods for agricultural science. Wiley Eastern Limited, New Delhi (India), PP 5-6.
Salim, M.A. and Nair, R.V. (1982) : Note on the effect of graded doses of lime and phosphorus on the growth, yield and quality of Urd bean (Vigna mungo) in the sandy clay loam soils of Kerala. Legume Research, 5 (2): 115-118.
Schutzendubel, A., Schwanz, P., Teichmann, T., Gross, K., Lagenfeld-Heyser, R., Godbold, D.L. and Polle, A. (2001). Cadmium induced changes in antioxidative systems, hydrogen-peroxide content and differentiation in scots pine roots. Plant Physiol., 127 : 887-898.
Siddhu, G. and Ali Khan, M.A. (2012). Effect of cadmium on growth and metabolism of Phaseolus mungo L. J.Environ . Biol. 33, 173-179.
Siddhu, G., Sirohi, D.S., Kashyap, K., Khan, I.A. and Khan, M.A.A. (2008). Toxicity of cadmium on the growth and yield of Solanum melongena L.J. Environ. Biol., 29, 853-857.
Siedlecka, A. and Krupa (2004). Functions of enzymes in heavy metal treated plants. In: Physiology and biochemistry of metal toxicity and tolerance in plants (Eds.: M.N.V. Prasad and K. Strazalka). Dordreht, Hingham, HA: Kluwer Academic Publishers. PP. 303-324.
Smith, J.H.C. and Benitez, A. (1995). Modern methods of plant analysis. K. Peach and M.V. Iracey Vol. III. Springer Heidelberg., 142-192.
Solanki, R., Anuj, Poonam, and Dhankhar, R. (2011). Zinc and copper induced changes in physiological carcteristics of Vigna mungo (L.). J. Environ . Biol.,32,747-751.
Tabaldi, L.A., Ruppenthal, R., Cargnelutti, D., Morsh, V.M., Pereira, L.B. and Schetinger, M.R.C. (2007). Effects of metal elements on acid phosphatase activity in cucumber (Cucumis Sativus L.) Seedling. Environ. Exp. Bot., 59, 43-48.
Tamas, L., Bocova, B., Huttova, J., Mistrik, I. and Olle, M. (2006). Cadmium induced inhibition of apoplasitic ascorbate oxidase in barley roots. Plant Growth Regul., 48, 41-49.
Wagner, G.J. (1993) Accumulation of Cadmium in crop plants and its concequences to human health. Adv. Agron., 51, 173-212.
Wojcik. M., Skorzynska Polit, E. and Tukiendorf, A. (2006). Organic acids accumulation and antioxidant exzyme activities in Thlaspi caerulescens under zinc and cadmium stess. Plant Growth Regul., 48, 145-155 (2006).
Zahan, T. (1986). A laboratory study of the immobilisation of cadmium in soils. Environ. Pollut. (Series B), 12 : 265-280.
Zhang, H., Lian, C. and Shen, Z. (2009). Proteomic identification of small, copper-responsice proteins in germinating embryos of Oryza sativa. Ann. Bot., 103, 923-930.