Rajesh Kumar, Rakesh Kumar and A.K. Goyal*
Department of Botany, M.M.H. College, Ghaziabad U.P. 201001.
*Principal, Km. Mayawati Govt. Girls Post Graduate College, Badalpur U.P. 203207.
Abstract : Sun is the basic source of energy on the planet earth. It emits UV rays along with solar radiation. These UV rays (UV-B) increase the average temperature of the earth and harmful for living beings. A field experiment was conducted to observe the impact of supplemental UV-B radiation on flower and pod formation in pea (Pisum sativum L.). Supplemental UV-B radiation was given to the plant for different time periods (0, 1 hour, 2 hour and 3 hour) by halogen lamps. First time treatment was given when germination started and it was continued upto the maturity of crop. The study revealed that exposure of supplemental UV-B showed promotary effect over control in terms of number, fresh and dry weight of flower and pod in Pisum sativum L.
Keywords : Pisum sativum L., supplemental UV-B radiation, flower, pod
REFERENCES
Caldwell M.M., Teramura A.H. and Tevini M. (1995): Effects of increased solar ultraviolet radiation on terrestrial plants. Ambio 24:166-73.
Day T.A., Ruhland C.T., Grobe C.W. and Xiong F. (1999): Growth and reproduction of Antarctic vascular plants in response to warming and UV radiation reductions in the field. Oecologia 119: 24-35.
Grammatikopoulos G., Karousou R., Kokkini S. and Manetas Y. (1998): Differential effects of enhanced UV-B radiation on reproductive effort in two chemotypes of Mentha spicata under field conditions. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology. 25: 345-351.
Gwynn-Jones D., Lee J.A. and Callaghan T.V. (1997): Effects of enhanced UV-B radiation and elevated carbon dioxide concentrations on a sub-arctic forest heath ecosystem. Plant Ecology. 128: 242-249.
Kakani V.G., Reddy K.R. and Zhao D. (2003): Field crop responses to ultraviolet-B radiation: a review. Agric For Meteorol. 120:191-218.
Koti S., Reddy K.R., Kakani V.G., Zhao D. and Reddy V.R. (2004): Soybean pollen germination characteristics. Flower and pollen morphology in response to enhanced UV-B radiation. Annual of Botany. 94: 855-864.
Kumar A. (1981): Effects of growth regulator on growth pattern, productivity, mineral cycling and energy budget of ground nut (Arachis hypogea L.). Ph.D. Thesis. Meerut University, Meerut, U.P. India.
Madronich S. and de Gruijl F.R. (1994): Stratospheric ozone depletion between 1979 and 1992. Implications for biologically active ultraviolet-B radiation and non-melanoma skin cancer incidence. Photochem Photobiol. 59:541-6.
Mckenzie R.L., Conner B. and Bodeker G.E. (1999): Increased summertime UV radiation in New Zealand in response to ozone loss. Science. 285:1709-11.
Mepsted R., Paul N.D., Stephen J., Corlett J.E., Nogues S., Baker N.R., Jones H.G. and Ayres P.G. (1996): Effects of enhanced UV-B radiation on pea (Pisum sativum L.) grown under field conditions in the UK. Global Change Biology. 2: 325-334.
Miller J.E., Booker F.L., Fiscus E.L., Heagle A.S., Pursley W.A., Vozzo S.F. and Heck W.W. (1994): Ultraviolet-B radiation and ozone effects on growth, yield, and photosynthesis of soybean. Journal of Environmental Quality. 23: 83-91.
Murali N.S. and Teramura A.H. (1986): Effectiveness of UV-B radiation on the growth and physiology of field-grown soybean modified by water stress. Photochemistry and Photobiology. 44: 215-219.
Musil C.F. (1995): Differential effects of elevated ultraviolet-B radiation on the photochemical and reproductive performance of di cotyledonous and mono cotyledonous arid-environment ephemerals. Plant Cell Environ. 18: 844-54.
Petropoulou Y., Georgiou O., Psaras G.K. and Manetas Y. (2001): Improved flower advertisement, pollinator rewards and seed yield by enhanced UV-B radiation in the Mediterranean annual Malcolmia maritima. New Phytologist 152: 85-90.
Rajendiran K. and Ramanujam M.P. (2004): Improvement of biomass partitioning, flowering and yield by triadimefon in UV-B stressed Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek. Biol. Plant. 48:145-8.
Saile-Mark M. and Tevini M. (1996): Effects of solar UV-B radiation on growth, flowering and yield of central and southern European bush bean cultivars (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Plant Ecology. 128: 115-125.
Seckmeyer G., Mayer B. and Erb R. (1994): UV-B in Germany higher in 1993 than in 1992. Geophys. Res. Lett. 21:577-80.
Sinclair T.R.N., Diaye O. and Biggs R.H. (1990): Growth and yield of field-grown soybean in response to enhanced exposure to ultraviolet-B radiation. Journal of Environmental Quality. 19: 478-481.
Stephanou M and Manetas Y. (1998): Enhanced UV-B radiation increases the reproductive effort in the Mediterranean shrub Cistus creticus under field conditions. Plant Ecology. 134: 91-96.
Teramura A.H. and Sullivan J.H. (1993): Effects of UV-B radiation on plant productivity. In: Yamamoto H.Y., Smith CM (eds). Photosynthetic Responses to the Environment. Current Topics in Plant Physiology. American Society of Plant Physiologists: Rockville, MD. 8: 37-44.
Teramura A.H., Sullivan J.H. and Lydon J. (1990): Effects of UV-B radiation on soybean yield and seed quality: a 6-years field study. Physiologia Plantarun. 80: 5-11.
Ying Wang, Nianwei Qiu, Xingan Wang, Zongqi Ma and Guozhen Du (2008): Effects of enhanced UV-B radiation on fitness of an alpine species. Cerastium glomeratum Thuill. Journal of Plant Ecology. 1(3): 197-202.
Ziska L.H, Teramura A.H. and Sullivan J.H. (1992): Physiological sensitivity to plants along an elevational gradient to UV-B radiation. American Journal of Botany 79: 863-871.