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D.P. Syamaladevi*, S.K. Nehamol, Sujina A., Sheeja T.E. and Mekha, B.
ICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research, Kozhikode, Kerala, India, PIN-673 012
Email: mathdpsdevi@gmail.com
Received-02.06.2025, Revised-14.06.2025, Accepted-27.06.2025
Abstract: Ginger is a vegetative propagated monocot with medicinal properties and is cultivated mainly in the tropics as a spice crop. The lack of seed setting limits genetic improvement in this crop to clonal selection and mutation breeding. Therefore, assistance from modern technologies, like genetic transformation and genome editing, can be used to broaden the genetic base and improve traits like yield, quality, and climate resilience in ginger. Callus induction is a crucial step in Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation, genome editing, production of somaclonal variants, in vitro production of phytochemicals, etc. Production of friable embryogenic calli requires fine-tuning the hormonal composition in the callus induction media in a genotype- and explant-specific manner. In this study, we have optimised the callus induction protocol for the variety IISR Varada using five different explant tissues, like leaf lamina, immature shoot tip, immature shoot base, mature shoot tip, and mature shoot base. We found that the shoot bases from the mature and immature shoots of IISR Varada were capable of responding to the exogenous application of 2,4-D and developed calli with an induction rate of 75%. The mature shoot tip also responded to a combination of 2,4-D and BAP.
Keywords: Genetic engineering, Genome editing, Tissue culture, Ginger, Zingiber officinale
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